Volcanic Ash from Ethiopia Reaches Delhi: Health Risks Explained

A recent eruption of the Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia has resulted in volcanic ash reaching the skies above Delhi-NCR. The eruption occurred on November 24-25, 2025, sending a plume of ash, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and microscopic particles into the atmosphere. Strong winds carried this ash cloud thousands of kilometers across the Red Sea and Arabian Sea, eventually affecting parts of northwest India, including the capital region.

While the sight of volcanic ash may seem alarming, it is primarily suspended high in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, understanding its potential health impacts is essential for residents in affected areas.

Understanding Volcanic Ash

Volcanic ash is markedly different from the soft ash found in fireplaces. It consists of tiny, sharp particles made of rock, minerals, and volcanic glass. These components can be abrasive and acidic, posing various health risks. Some volcanic ash also contains crystalline silica, which can lead to lung diseases, such as silicosis, with prolonged exposure.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), short-term exposure to volcanic ash can cause:

– Coughing or difficulty breathing
– Sore throat
– Itchy or red eyes
– Headaches or fatigue
– Mild nausea, particularly if inhaling large amounts of ash

Individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, such as asthma or chronic bronchitis, may experience intensified symptoms from ash exposure.

Dr. Vijay Kumar Agrawal, Director of Pulmonology & Critical Care at Yatharth Super Speciality Hospital in Faridabad, explains that the primary respiratory risks arise from particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in the ash. The combination of silica content and SO2 gas, which contributes to volcanic smog or “vog,” can exacerbate the effects of ash inhalation.

Mitigating Health Risks

While immediate health threats from the ash plume in Delhi are not anticipated, precautionary measures are advisable. Dr. Agrawal emphasizes that individuals with existing lung diseases may be more susceptible to flare-ups requiring additional medical attention.

To minimize exposure and reduce potential health risks, residents are advised to:

– Remain indoors as much as possible and keep windows and doors closed.
– Use a NIOSH-approved N95 mask if going outside is necessary.
– Avoid air conditioning units that draw in outside air.
– Gently wash any ash from skin and eyes with clean water.
– Clean ash from doorways and ventilation areas to prevent further inhalation.

It is important to note that while not everyone exposed to volcanic ash will experience serious health issues, irritation is possible, particularly for sensitive individuals. As the ash plume continues to drift over parts of India, staying informed and adhering to basic precautions is the best strategy for safety.

In summary, the eruption of the Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia has led to volcanic ash affecting Delhi-NCR. Awareness of the potential health impacts and taking necessary precautions can help mitigate risks for those in the region.